Ionosphera-M, or Ionosfera-M (Ионосфера-М), is a satellite constellation consisting of four satellites owned and operated by the Russian space agency, Roscosmos.
The constellation aims to observe the Earth’s ionosphere and improve our understanding of geomagnetic and solar storms, and their impact on the Earth.
The terrestrial ionosphere is located at altitudes between 60 and 2000 km and has a very complex structure. It is divided into layers with different plasma concentrations and chemical compositions and reacts to variations in solar activity, the magnetic field, and the succession of day and night in the various seasons of the year. Simply put, the ionosphere breathes, rising and falling mainly due to the variation in the solar ultraviolet radiation within it.
Two Ionosfera-M heliogeophysical satellites were successfully put into orbit after blasting off atop a Soyuz-2.1b rocket from Vostochny Spaceport, Roscosmos said in a statement.
"The heliogeophysical satellites Ionosfera-M No. 1 and No. 2 were placed into the Earth's sun-synchronous orbit," the statement said.
The rocket also carried 53 other satellites.
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