The title sums it up: "Nature - our health, our wealth." At the 15th annual Green Week conference, a clear economic influence is present.
The focus of this year's conference, held June 3 through 5 in Brussels, was nature and biodiversity. And several recurring threads are pointing to a potential shift in regulation for conservation of biodiversity - not as plants, animals and places to be preserved, rather as elements of systems that humans depend on. A trend toward monetizing biodiversity could help species - or it could backfire.
A point of contention at the conference is a "fitness check" for two laws that form the backbone of European Union nature legislation: the Birds Directive and the Habitats Directive. While some players seek to open the regulations, others are pushing instead for full implementation and enforcement.
Recent reporting under the laws found that the diversity of species and quality of habitats in Europe are declining. What happens next could have broad consequences, including on fundamental systems such as food production.
Intensive agriculture takes its toll
In the recently issued "State of Nature in the EU" report, 77 percent of habitats and 60 percent of species were assessed as being in an "unfavorable" situation.
According to the report, this is due in part to changes in food production over past decades. The intensification of agriculture, which involves mechanized tilling of large swathes with a single crop, destroys habitat that many species rely on. Increased use of pesticides has also affected species.
This has taken a toll especially on birds - about a third of bird species in Europe were found to be threatened or declining, while only about half were assessed as being "secure."
Conservationists have for some time been seeking to draw attention to the need to make agriculture more sustainable. "We have to be a lot smarter about agricultural development - large extensions of intensive monoculture are not the answer," said Patricia Zurita, who is the CEO of BirdLife International.
"It's not only birds: pollinators too, like butterflies and bees - intensive agriculture is actually collapsing the system," she told DW.
Ronan Uhel of the European Environment Agency - which compiled the report - also pointed out how intensive agriculture is depleting the very land itself. Broad application of pesticides and herbicides required for such farming has led to a loss of biodiversity within soils. "We are losing the richness and diversity of the arable land," Uhel told DW.
Lack of enforcement
So what is going wrong? Conservationists point out that the habitats and birds directives are not being enforced.
"Where the directives have been properly implemented, nature is thriving, development is thriving, people are happier and we are maintaining a sustainable future," Zurita said.
"But we don't have consistent and coherent rollout of the rule - where the nature directives are not implemented, we are having problems," she added.
Uhel also acknowledged an "implementation gap." The directives are "not fully respected," he said. Enforcement, he said, "comes down to the ability and will of the different actors to really go for compliance" - something he sees as lacking.
Uhel promoted market approaches - involving dialogue with all stakeholders, and innovation in coming up with way to protect the environment - as one potential solution.
"We need to work harder with agriculture, with forestry, with planners to avoid complete misuse of natural resources - this is the so-called mismanagement, and it's real," Uhel said.......http://dw.de/p/1FcNm
5/6/15
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