WASHINGTON: A chemical used in dry cleaning and fire
extinguishers may have been phased out in recent years but NASA said
Wednesday (Aug 20) that carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is still being
spewed into the atmosphere from an unknown source. The world agreed to
stop using CC14 as part of the Vienna Convention on Protection of the
Ozone Layer and its Montreal Protocol, which attained universal
ratification in 2009.
"Parties to the Montreal Protocol reported zero new CCl4 emissions between 2007-2012," the US space agency said in a statement. "However, the new research shows worldwide emissions of CCl4 average 39 kilotons per year, approximately 30 per cent of peak emissions prior to the international treaty going into effect."
CC14 levels are not enough to reverse the decreasing trend of ozone-depletion, but experts are still mystified as to where it is coming from. With no new reported emissions, atmospheric concentrations of the compound should have declined at an expected rate of four per cent per year since 2007.
However, observations from the ground showed atmospheric concentrations were only declining one per cent per year.
"We are not supposed to be seeing this at all," said Qing Liang, an atmospheric scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. "It is now apparent there are either unidentified industrial leakages, large emissions from contaminated sites, or unknown CCl4 sources."
Researchers used NASA's 3-D GEOS Chemistry Climate Model and data from global networks of ground-based observations to establish the first estimate of average global CC14 emissions from 2000 to 2012. In going through the data, researchers also learned that the chemical stays in the atmosphere were 40 per cent longer than previously thought.
"People believe the emissions of ozone-depleting substances have stopped because of the Montreal Protocol," said Paul Newman, chief scientist for atmospheres at NASA. "Unfortunately, there is still a major source of CCl4 out in the world."
The study was published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
"Parties to the Montreal Protocol reported zero new CCl4 emissions between 2007-2012," the US space agency said in a statement. "However, the new research shows worldwide emissions of CCl4 average 39 kilotons per year, approximately 30 per cent of peak emissions prior to the international treaty going into effect."
CC14 levels are not enough to reverse the decreasing trend of ozone-depletion, but experts are still mystified as to where it is coming from. With no new reported emissions, atmospheric concentrations of the compound should have declined at an expected rate of four per cent per year since 2007.
However, observations from the ground showed atmospheric concentrations were only declining one per cent per year.
"We are not supposed to be seeing this at all," said Qing Liang, an atmospheric scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. "It is now apparent there are either unidentified industrial leakages, large emissions from contaminated sites, or unknown CCl4 sources."
Researchers used NASA's 3-D GEOS Chemistry Climate Model and data from global networks of ground-based observations to establish the first estimate of average global CC14 emissions from 2000 to 2012. In going through the data, researchers also learned that the chemical stays in the atmosphere were 40 per cent longer than previously thought.
"People believe the emissions of ozone-depleting substances have stopped because of the Montreal Protocol," said Paul Newman, chief scientist for atmospheres at NASA. "Unfortunately, there is still a major source of CCl4 out in the world."
The study was published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
- AFP/ac
http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/lifestyle/mysterious-source-of/1322804.html
21/8/14
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- La Nasa a détecté une substance détruisant la couche d'ozone en quantité inexpliquée...
La Nasa a détecté en quantité inexpliquée dans l'atmosphère du tétrachlorure de carbone(CC14), une substance chimique qui détruit la couche d'ozone et qui est proscrite dans le monde depuis près de 30 ans, a indiqué mercredi l'agence spatiale.
Le CCl4, qui était utilisé dans les extincteurs ou par les pressings pour le nettoyage à sec, a été interdit en 1987 en même temps que les chlorofluorocarbones dans le cadre du Protocole de Montréal. Les pays membres de ce protocole n'ont annoncé aucune nouvelle émission de CC14 entre 2007 et 2012. Mais l'étude de la Nasa montre que les émissions mondiales de ce polluant sont en moyenne de 39.000 tonnes par an, soit environ 30% du volume maximum jamais enregistré avant l'entrée en vigueur du Protocole international. "Nous ne devrions pas avoir tout ce CC14", a lancé Qing Liang, un scientifique de la Nasa au Centre Goddard des vols spatiaux dans le Maryland (est) et principal auteur de cette recherche. "Il est clair que nous sommes en présence soit de fuites industrielles non identifiées, soit d'émissions importantes de sites contaminés ou de sources inconnues de CCl4", a-t-il ajouté. Les scientifiques et autorités règlementaires veulent savoir d'où vient ce CC14, qui comptait en 2008 pour environ 11% du chlore contribuant à la diminution de la couche d'ozone. Depuis près de dix ans, les scientifiques s'interrogent sur les raisons pour lesquelles les niveaux observés de CCl4 dans l'atmosphère diminuent plus lentement qu'anticipé en fonction des processus naturels connus de sa destruction, comme le rayonnement solaire. "Existe-t-il un mécanisme de perte de CCl4 que nous ne comprenons pas ou y aurait-il des sources d'émission non signalées ou non identifiées", s'est interrogé Qing Liang. Sans aucune émission de CCl4 signalée entre 2007 et 2012, les concentrations atmosphériques de cet agent chimique auraient dû diminuer de 1 à 4% par an, ont relevé les scientifiques, soulignant que des observations depuis le sol montrent une diminution de seulement 1% chaque année. (Belga)
http://www.rtl.be/info/monde/international/1118038/la-nasa-a-detecte-une-substance-detruisant-la-couche-d-ozone-en-quantite-inexpliquee
21/8/14
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